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Aggregate Technical and Commercial Losses (AT&C Losses)

The losses occurring in the electricity distribution system (33 kV line, 33/11 kV power substation, 11 kV line, distribution transformer/11/0.4 kV DTR, LT line, service line and up to meter) are called technical losses. These are proportional to the square of the current. These are called copper losses. Apart from copper losses in the transformer, there are losses in the core which are called iron losses, these are caused by eddy current and hysteresis losses. These losses are technical losses. These losses are due to voltage drop, load-current (long line, high load, thin conductor wire), impedance, power factor, transformer, non-use of energy-efficient equipment, etc.

Technical loss = Input unit - Sold unit.

Commercial Loss - These losses are caused by metering, billing, collection (MBC) from the meter. Wrong meter reading, meter switched off/defective, burning, meter bypass, meter coefficient wrong, bill generation with wrong tariff, bill not distributed on time, bill not distributed, no facility to collect bill from consumer or not paying bill, connection not disconnected/cut on time etc. are the main ones.

Commercial Loss = Revenue Bill Demand - Revenue Collection.

AT&C Losses = (1 - BE x CE) x 100%.

BE - Billing Efficiency = Units Sold/Input Units Purchased.

CE - Collection Efficiency = Revenue Collected/Revenue Demand.