REGENERATIVE ENDODONTICS

A comprehensive guide on regenerative endodontics, covering its principles, techniques, biological mechanisms, clinical applications, challenges and future perspectives in dental tissue regeneration.Regenerative endodontics focuses on biologically restoring the pulp-dentin complex using stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors. It aims to regenerate damaged tissues, promoting continued root development and pulp vitality. Techniques include cell-based approaches like stem cell transplantation, cell-free methods using bioactive molecules, and hybrid strategies. Scaffolds, such as hydrogels and platelet-rich fibrin, provide structural support, while growth factors like BMPs and VEGF enhance cell differentiation and angiogenesis.Challenges include variability in outcomes, intracanal calcification, and tooth discoloration. Emerging technologies like 3D printing, gene therapy, and iPSC-based regeneration offer promising advancements.Long-term success depends on standardized protocols, effective disinfection, and patient-specific treatments. Future innovations aim to refine biomaterials, optimize stem cell therapies, and integrate AI for personalized regenerative care.