Optimized Passive Feedback Control for DPS Using Improved WOA

The increasing demand for electric energy has driven interest in Distributed Power Systems (DPSs) for their reliability, efficiency, and power quality. Microgrids (MGs) are emerging as a key Smart Grid solution, optimizing energy sharing and reducing costs. However, challenges such as dispersed energy management, control failures, and high costs limit widespread adoption. A robust control strategy enhances MG resilience, ensuring stable operation and seamless is landing during emergencies. This book presents Exact Tracking Error Dynamics Passive Output Feedback Control (ETEDPOF) and Exact Static Error Dynamics Passive Output Feedback Control (ESEDPOF) for integrated converters. These methods reduce harmonic distortion and maintain unity PF by dynamically regulating active and reactive power. Various control techniques, including PI, PID, and IDA-PBC, are analyzed. To optimize ESEDPOF, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Improved WOA (IWOA) are applied. IWOA enhances efficiency by balancing exploration and exploitation, overcoming WOA's local optima limitations. Simulations validate superior performance, demonstrating enhanced frequency and voltage regulation in MGs.