New Zealand Division 1916-1919

This is an official history, the second volume of four constituting the Official History Of New Zealand's Effort In The Great War, the other three cover Gallipoli, Sinai and Palestine, and the Home Front. As may be expected this is a remarkably comprehensive account of one of the finest divisions of the BEF of which Earl Haig wrote: "No Division in France built up for itself a finer reputation, whether for the gallantry of its conduct in battle or for the excellence of its behaviour out of the line. Its record does honour to the land from which it came and to the Empire for which it fought." A German assessment of the division was seen in an Intelligence document captured at Hebuterne in July 1918:- "A particularly good assault Division. Its characteristics are a very strongly developed individual self-confidence or enterprise, characteristic of the colonial British, and a specially pronounced hatred of the Germans." In his Copse 125 (Rossignol Wood) Ernst Junger describes the bitter fighting with the New Zealanders (Otago Regiment) in July 1918.The NZ Division of this history was formed in Egypt in March 1916 with the transference of the Australian units of the old composite division, which had fought at Gallipoli, to Australian formations and the raising of fresh NZ units to take their place thus creating a purely New Zealand division. The infantry consisted of two battalions each of the Auckland, Canterbury, Otago and Wellington Regiments and four battalions of the NZ Rifle Brigade, all the divisional troops -artillery, engineers, medical etc were NZ units. The GOC was Major-General Sir A.H.Russell, promoted from command of a brigade of the composite NZ and Australian Division; he was to be the only commander of the division. The NZ Division arrived in France in April 1916 and it remained on the Western front throughout the war. In early 1917 a fourth infantry brigade was formed in England from the surplus reinforcements sent monthly from New Zealand and it joined the division as the 4th NZ Brigade in May, just before the Messines offensive. It was disbanded in February 1918. The division fought on the Somme, at Messines, at Third Ypres as part of II Anzac Corps; when the Germans struck in March 1918 the division was transferred to IV Corps (Harper) in Byng's Third Army where it stayed to the end of the war. The author commanded the 2nd Battalion Canterbury Regiment and in preparing this official account he has drawn on all available material - War Diaries, Operation Orders, Intelligence summaries, Narratives of operations prepared at Corps level and below, Honours and Awards recommendations, Divisional reports and correspondence, personal diaries and papers and Haig's Despatches. The result is a fine, authoritative account of a division which acquired an elite status on the Western Front and whose record was second to none. Ten VCs were won of whom the most famous was Sgt Travis (real name Savage) of the 2nd Battalion Otago Regiment who was known as the king of No Man's Land. Total casualties amounted to just under 49,000 of whom 12,500 died.