Educational Inequities and Achievement Gap

The global achievement gap highlights disparities in educational outcomes and economic opportunities among different demographic groups, particularly minorities, immigrants, and underprivileged students (Hernandez, 2022). Research (McFarland et al., 2018; Reardon, 2018) confirms that significant differences in school achievement persist, particularly in the U.S., where discussions often focus on standardized test results among various racial and ethnic groups (Ladson-Billings, 2006). This term also reflects broader social injustices that extend beyond political boundaries (Clark, 2013; Harris & Herrington, 2006). Therefore, it is essential to research the achievement gap, especially among students from varying economic backgrounds (Artiles, 2011; Hanushek et al., 2019). Fanning (2007) questioned whether an achievement gap exists globally, particularly between privileged and underprivileged cultures. This inquiry aligns with a UNESCO report emphasizing educational inequality and the slow progress toward universal education (Gust et al., 2024).