Decentralized Water Reclamation Engineering

This book presents technical information and materials concerning the engineering of decentralized infrastructure to achieve effective wastewater treatment while also providing a source of reclaimed water, nutrients and organic matter. The approaches, technologies and systems described are targeted for green building and sustainable infrastructure across the United States and similar industrialized nations, but they are also applicable to water and sanitation projects in developing regions around the world. Today, decentralized infrastructure involving wastewater treatment and water reclamation can be used to serve houses, buildings and developments with design flows of 100 to 100,000 gal/d or more.§§The book provides in-depth coverage of key topics in narrative and slide format specifically designed for classroom lectures or facilitated self-study. The topics covered include: engineering to satisfy project goals and requirements including sustainability, contemporary water use and wastewater generation and methods to achieve water use efficiency and source separation, alternative methods of wastewater collection and conveyance, treatment and reuse operations including tank-based (e.g., septic tanks, aerobic treatment units, porous media biofilters, and membrane bioreactors), wetland-based (e.g., free water surface and vegetated subsurface bed wetlands), and land-based unit operations (e.g., subsurface soil infiltration and shallow drip dispersal). Approaches and technologies are also presented that can achieve nutrient reduction (and resource recovery in some cases) or pathogen destruction to enable a particular discharge or reuse plan. Requirements and methods are described for effective management of process solids, sludges and residuals that can be generated. The book contains over 300 figures and illustrations of technologies and systems and over 150 tables of design and performance data. There are also more than 250 questions and problems relevant to the topics covered including example problems that have solutions presented to illustrate engineering concepts and calculations.§§§§