Russian-Turkish relations

Russian-Turkish relations are characterized by both importance and complexity. Their history has been marked by transformations, changes, and highly intricate and multifaceted paths, with conflict, disputes, and wars dominating the landscape, often at the expense of cooperation, understanding, and shared interests. More than thirteen major wars have been fought between the two countries. Regional and international issues have played a prominent and direct role in perpetuating these strained relations for four centuries, and they remain so to this day. Regional and international variables have significantly impacted the level of relations between Russia and Turkey, causing them to fluctuate between periods of improvement and decline, particularly after 2011. Other factors have hindered understanding and the strengthening of ties between the two countries. Consequently, the numerous and varied constants and variables in the equation of the relationship between the two parties do not suggest a definitive end in terms of time or outcome for this relationship, nor do they indicate its long-term continuation. Therefore, the book's significance lies in shedding light on Russian-Turkish relations after 2011 and in light of the changes witnessed in the Middle East. The clear divergence and differences in the two countries' perspectives on regional issues have significantly exacerbated existing disagreements and continue to hinder the development of their relationship into a strategic alliance. This is particularly evident in matters concerning the Caucasus, the Black Sea, the Balkans, Central Asia, and the Eastern Mediterranean. The book's importance also stems from the extent of the direct and actual influence these two countries exert on the course of events, controlling their trajectories and objectives, and even influencing decision-making. The book's objectives are defined by exploring a range of issues, most importantly the future of Russian-Turkish relations. This necessitates identifying the opportunities and constraints that shape the nature of these relations, determining whether opportunities will prevail in defining the future, or whether constraints will dictate rapprochement or estrangement. Alternatively, the book examines whether the combined level and scope of opportunities and constraints will ultimately determine the nature and quality of relations in the near and medium term.