Human Physiology

Content List
1. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Physiology

• 1.1 Cell Structure and Function
  • 1.1.1 Membrane Composition and Transport Mechanisms
  • 1.1.2 Ion Channels and Membrane Potentials
• 1.2 Homeostasis and Feedback Systems
• 1.3 Signal Transduction and Second Messengers
• 1.4 Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

• 2.1 Neurons and Neuroglia
• 2.2 Resting Membrane Potential and Action Potential
• 2.3 Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters
• 2.4 Neuromuscular Junction
• 2.5 Skeletal Muscle Contraction
• 2.6 Smooth and Cardiac Muscle Physiology

• 3.1 Composition and Functions of Blood
• 3.2 Hemopoiesis and Stem Cells
• 3.3 Red Blood Cells and Hemoglobin
• 3.4 White Blood Cells and Immune Response
• 3.5 Platelets and Hemostasis
• 3.6 Blood Groups and Transfusion Reactions
• 3.7 Immunity - Innate and Adaptive

• 4.1 Functional Anatomy of the Heart
• 4.2 Cardiac Muscle Physiology
• 4.3 Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds
• 4.4 Electrocardiogram (ECG)
• 4.5 Cardiac Output and Regulation
• 4.6 Blood Pressure and Its Control
• 4.7 Hemodynamics and Vascular Resistance
• 4.8 Special Circulations (Coronary, Cerebral, Cutaneous, etc.)

• 5.1 Mechanics of Breathing
• 5.2 Lung Volumes and Capacities
• 5.3 Alveolar Ventilation and Dead Space
• 5.4 Gas Exchange and Diffusion
• 5.5 Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
• 5.6 Regulation of Breathing
• 5.7 High Altitude and Deep Sea Physiology

• 6.1 Functional Anatomy of the Nephron
• 6.2 Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration
• 6.3 Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion
• 6.4 Concentration and Dilution of Urine
• 6.5 Acid-Base Balance
• 6.6 Regulation of Electrolytes and Water Balance
• 6.7 Hormonal Regulation of Kidney Function

• 7.1 GI Motility and Innervation
• 7.2 Secretions of the Digestive System
  • 7.2.1 Salivary, Gastric, Pancreatic, Bile, Intestinal
• 7.3 Digestion and Absorption of Nutrients
• 7.4 Gastrointestinal Hormones
• 7.5 Liver and Biliary Physiology
• 7.6 Gut-Brain Axis and Gut Microbiota

• 8.1 General Principles of Hormone Action
• 8.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
• 8.3 Thyroid Gland and Metabolism
• 8.4 Adrenal Gland (Cortex and Medulla)
• 8.5 Endocrine Pancreas - Insulin and Glucagon
• 8.6 Parathyroid Gland, Calcium and Phosphate Homeostasis
• 8.7 Pineal Gland and Melatonin
• 8.8 Hormones in Stress and Adaptation

• 9.1 Male Reproductive System
  • 9.1.1 Spermatogenesis and Testosterone
• 9.2 Female Reproductive System
  • 9.2.1 Oogenesis, Menstrual Cycle, Estrogen, Progesterone
• 9.3 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Parturition
• 9.4 Lactation and Hormonal Control
• 9.5 Contraception and Infertility

• 10.1 Organization of the Nervous System